Where does GENDER fit in anthropology?

Anthropologically gender is an important variable because of its biological origin, that is as a technical term, gender denotes one's sexual function as a member of the species. From the evolutionary perspective it is significant in terms of the biological mechanism that produces adaptations over time, and today in terms of the medical consequences for the individual person as a biological organism.

Socially, these distinctions are and have been critical to the formation of human reproductive unit (the family) and the process of raising of an immature offspring to a sexually mature member of the group. It also is important in the way society, the group, responds to individuals born physically "different" from the local gender norm, or the behaviors that differ from those norm. How a society adapts to these situations are certainly anthropological questions.

Culturally, as many point out, gender is simply assumed by the members of a culture. They simple conform to the norms symbolism of dress, styles, occupations, etc. The anthropological questions that relate to these gender differences arise from the comparison between cultures and sub-cultures. Also the anthropologist is interested in the definitions and responses to deviance from these expected differences.

While cultures and societies may address the gender issues differently, the biological significance of gender to the species has, until the end of the last century, been a critical element in the definition of the human animal. Today, with fertility and transgender medical technology, the biological imperative for gender is coming under question and the human, social, and cultural responses are definitely a subject for anthropological study.

Finally, the role of technology and gender raises another set of questions where technology cancels out the physical advantages that once were associated with the biological advantages one gender held over the other. Again, these are anthropological questions about the biological nature of gender worthy of study.

Professional Ethics or Gamesmanship?

What are some of the beat examples of ethical codes? I think of the Ten Commandments in the Bible or Jesus' "Love the Lord God Almighty with all your heart and your neighbor as yourself" These are short, simple, statements which serve as personal guidelines for one's actions.

 For anthropology the initial concern about professional ethics was two fold. First was to insure that the field ethnographer would have access to their subjects by requiring him/her to behave in a manner that would not prejudice the situation for the next field worker. The second concern was to uphold the scientific integrity of the research product produced from the field work, i.e. be honest and objective in your analysis and share it with colleagues. Two very simple principles.

Religions and philosophies take these statements and then build complex fishnets out of them. So full of  knots to trap you and so many loop holes to allow you to wiggle through, the ethical code becomes a game instead of guide. It becomes a legalistic pastime for those with nothing better to do but to write more specific interpretation of the principle to trap and more subtle distinctions to escape the intent. Anthropological codes put forward over the past 50 years have tended to follow the same course.

As I have seen it, the profession has fail to come to grips with three major problems anthropology faces to achieve these simple goals by writing a code of ethics.

First is a failure to understand the difference between the sub-disciplines and what this means in terms of the ethical challenges one faces. Academic cultural anthropologist assume that cultural academic anthropology is Anthropology and demand an ethical code that represents that point of view. Its rules become too complex and specific for themselves and irrelevant for others such as the applied, administrative, policy or clinical roles or for those who work primarily with material culture, linguistic, or biological subjects or materials.

Second is the failure to distinguish the individual's position in life as a whole person and his/her "professional" role as an "anthropologist." As anthropologist, the individual is representing the tribe of anthropologists. As an individual, he/she is representing themself. As a result of this lack of distinction, codes have been proposed seeking to control the whole range of personal activity under the umbrella of anthropological ethics. Anthropology is a "profession" not a religion.

Third, a professional code and a personal code are very different. A professional code is a door or gate through which the profession (tribe) admits and judges members. It requires an individual to accept the tenets as a condition of acceptance into and by the profession. AND once admitted, it requires the members to adhere to the principles under penalty of ostracism and loss of professional privilege and status if the ethics are breached. Neither major anthropological association, AAA or SfAA, requires acceptance nor imposes punishment of what is called their principles, thus they have unenforceable codes. Such unenforceable codes actually defeat the original purpose for such codes.

In the past fifty years that I have participated, thought about, and written about ethics in anthropology I have yet to see a draft, much less an approved version, of the AAA Code or the SfAA code that addresses the issues outline above in a way that one could actually point to as an ANTHROPOLOGICAL ETHICS CODE.

In the age of Twitter, an ethical principle < 140 characters + (Specific = to define + general = to be understood by all ) might be the best example of what an code of ethics for anthropologist should be.

"Anthropological Entrepreneurship," A Career Strategy

Many anthropologists, academic and applied, have become addicted to the federal government to fund their research or jobs. For those considering as career in program evaluation and/or the non-profit sector, federal funding has become a crutch.

It is time to realize that the world is bigger than that. In addition to federally funded programs there  are the private, state and local government supported programs. There are also opportunities in the private sector, but that is a different story.

In today's funding climate, the federal government is not the most secure source and the successful non-profits are forced to compete by improving their performance and finding alternative funding sources. Program evaluations are needed to justify continued funding, to sell grant applications to new or other sources, and internally, to develop new and more efficient management systems as well as new funding and business models in order to survive..

A recurring complaint or question that I hear from anthropologists who want to transition into the real world, is: "They won't consider me because I don't have the experience;" or, "How do I get the experience I need?"

I  recommend a strategy that I call "Anthropological Entrepreneurship". What you can do is create a job for yourself. And in the process, you are creating your professional personality and a self identity as a product that you can sell. That is, you take control of your career by becoming your own product.

The first step is to think like an entrepreneur, not like a day laborer or corporate drone or academic bureaucrat. To think like an entrepreneur, you have to take control of your life. This begins by defining your product as a solution to someone else's problem and your market as the someone else who has the problem you can solve.

Next, you have to be willing to take a risk and trust in yourself by investing your own resources (time, money and talent) to get started.

Third and most important, you have to be willing to fail and learn from your failures but not surrender to them. If you can do these then you are ready to venture out into the real world and get some practical experience.

 A good place to start looking is locally and at the small non-profits that have limited professional staff. These agencies are always in need of a skilled social science or business planner to help them develop their evaluation plan and/or to do their evaluation work. They are also generally unable to buy or pay for such services. The advantage here is that you can test yourself as a product. Failure here is not a bad as failing in a bigger and better know job/assignment. At the same time, the agency gains from your free service and whatever benefits or value your efforts contribute to organization. Remember your failure is not necessarily theirs nor is their failure necessarily yours.

Non-profits depend heavily on volunteers and generally have "working" boards of directors rather than "policy" boards. They are therefore often hard put to find board members to replace or fill vacancies that occur when volunteers are burned out. Boards are made up of local leaders and activists. This is great place for you to start building a profession network outside of academic anthropology and to prove yourself to potential clients. In some cases, this can lead to a paying job or a project contract.

Finally, the difference between an applied anthropologist and a career anthropologist is that the applied anthropologist expects clients to come to him/her, while a career anthropologist goes out and shows potential clients why they need his or her services and why they should pay for them.

Applied Anthropology - The Second Branch (2)

This is the second part of a discussion about Applied Anthropology as the second branch of anthropology and how to apply it to Business. Here we look at how to establish your identity in the Business culture. Don't be surprised if you see some similarities with successful "marketing"  yourself within the academic community. The secret to success begins by learning  to speak the language vocally and behaviorally. How do you do that?

Total Immersion

Become a participant- observer. Go to networking events in your community and join social or professional groups, such as Toastmasters, the Chamber of Commerce, Professional organizations in the area of your interest, Civic organizations such as the Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Masons, Knights of Columbus, and/or volunteer or join a non-profit organization that serves an interest that you have.

My own experience has been that one can succeed as an applied anthropologist by making personal the contacts through such groups. This is where you learn and practice the language and dialects of the business world. Here you learn about job and business opportunities that don't appear in the local want ads, or even the national ads. Most jobs, whether projects or employment opportunities, are not advertised, nor posted with the State Employment Office or posted on the Internet. Most jobs opportunities are found through connections, personal connection. As an applied anthropologist you have to learn who the right connections are. To do so, use your skills and knowledge about social networks and social organization to find out.

How to Network

To start - Don't sell Anthropology, sell yourself!

One of the biggest mistakes I see all the time at networking events can be found among the young and/or newbie participants in the group or at the event. You can spot them easily. They are the ones who either stand back and just eat and drink the goodies while looking out of place. Or they are the ones who are quick to introduce themselves and then immediately begin their sales pitch. These are the ones who after a couple of visits are most likely not to return . Why?

The former, the wall flowers, never engage in the event. Instead they just attend the event and expect people to come to them. They are like the kid who goes to a dance but is afraid to ask anyone to dance. They pay their admission fee, eat, drink, and maybe socialize with the other wallflowers. Later they wonder why nothing changed, forgetting that they did very little to make it change.

The latter, the hustlers, overly "engages." They come on too strong - to the point of turning off any contacts they try to make. Like pitchmen, after a brief introduction, they go immediately for the sale . For them, this event is just another opportunity to get their product or service in front of a large audience. They are playing the law of large numbers. Meet enough people and you will make a sale.They are not really interested in contacts as people.

The Social Networker

The smart networker is the one who starts by knowing that these events are NOT  selling situations. Selling is done elsewhere. These are social situations where you can meet and get to be know and be known by other people. This is where they get to know you as a person. Your goal is to participate, observe and listen in order to qualify and be qualified for opportunities as they arise.  This is your opportunity to show others your personality and to learn from them what they might need. This is the first step in personal sales, known in business as "qualifying the customer".

Joining social networks and qualifying the individuals who fit your needs in the group is the first step in building rapport. The second step is allowing the members of the group to qualified you.

You know this term, "rapport." You have heard it in your anthropology classes. This is the same process you would use to enter a strange village where you want to study. Once you have identified yourself and established yourself, you are ready to identify who in the group might be aware of potential opportunities of interest to you. Cultivate those relationships. Learn their social network and what role they play in these networks. Malcolm Gladwell has described these roles as the Connector, Maven, and Salesman in his book The Tipping Point.

Who are they?

You want to identify who plays these rols are and how they can be of assistance to you.

The Connector has a sociable personalities who brings people together. He or she knows who you need to talk to or meet and can arrange a meeting. The Maven is well informed and likes to pass along his/her knowledge to others. He/she is a fountain of information about all sorts of things and is happy to share. The Salesmen is, as the name implies, adept at persuading the unenlightened. The Salesman is the one you turn to to sell the idea and to help you close the deal.

It will help you, as well, to define your role in the network. Depending upon the role you chose or is assigned to you, you can approach others and ask for their assistance and recruit them to help you with your need.

These are NOT the skills that one learns in graduate anthropology classes, yet they are the skills that anyone who hopes to succeed in business must assimilate. This is why I call Applied Anthropology the second branch of anthropology. The role of the applied anthropologist is to help clients in the business community to identify and solve business problems from an anthropological perspective.

Networking is the process that an applied anthropologist uses to help make things happen and understanding why they happen.

Applied Anthropology - The Second Branch

A recent comment appearing in The Anthropological Network stated the following about the role of applied anthropology and business. "In particular, it seem to me that anthropology hasn't been very successful at 'marketing' its method to industries and businesses (with some exceptions, of course). The author of the comment then asked  

"Would you agree?" 

The fact that the author was looking for an explanation of this state of affairs speaks volumes about the realities of the anthropological profession and how it approaches its role in society and to society. The traditional third world, non-literate, socially isolated, tribes and bands that spawned the development of cultural anthropology and ethnography, are today very rare and for all practical purposes no longer isolated. Instead we find ourselves today entering fields well populated by the multitude of social and behavioral sciences that arose during the 20th century. As a late comer, the professional institutions established to recruit, train and support anthropologists have been faced with a crisis of identity.  Is anthropology simply an academic discipline or does it have a distinct application to the real world?

The Institutional Structure:

 

I would say the problem is to be found in the formal professional institutions controlled by Academic anthropology -- professors, departments, and the "professional" associations. These institutions do not understand the business world or its language. Even more than the lack of understanding is a narcissistic moral "contempt" directed toward business and government organizations displayed by academic anthropology.

For those of us, and there are thousands of us, who have found a home in these non-academic institutions based on our anthropological perspective and training -- we have long ago accepted that fact that our academic colleagues look down on the work we do. We know that we are often judged by their applying academic standards that have no significant meaning nor add value to our work. 

Fifth sub-discipline or Second Branch:

 

 Applied anthropology is not academic anthropology. That is, it is not the 5th sub-field. It is the second branch of anthropology. It is client focused, service orient, and problem solving. It uses the anthropological perspective but is not constrained by academic orthodoxy, fadism or current fashion. Instead, it is pragmatic, realistic, specific and ethically relativistic. Most of all the applied business anthropologist lives in the world and culture of business and a business institution. The applied anthropologist can have many different status names and play many different roles. In this environment, these names are determined by the local organizational chart. Rarely is the name "anthropologist."

The academic lives in the world of the university, college, research institute or the museum, also known as the ivory tower. Here anthropologist have a few, well defined statuses and roles they can occupy based on the academic social structure. One of these status/roles is based on the discipline one was trained in and hire for within the institution. Most often this is as an "anthropologist."

Preparing for a Career in the Business world: 

There are similarities between academic and applied anthropology. Applying anthropology to the business world begins with the basic steps that one would take to do an ethnographic study of a tribe in some far off location.

1. Learn the language
2. Read up on the history and context in which the tribe exists. Since businesses are literate institutions, read the basic business literature (such as a text book or popular "how to" or history book on the business subject area you are interested in studying
3. Read what applied anthropologists have written about business cases that are related to your area of interest from the anthropological perspective.
4. Study the business media to keep up to date with the social, political, and economic forces affecting your particular business interest, subject, or institution.
5. Find a problem that THE BUSINESS wants to solve and apply an anthropological perspective to solve that problem for them (not just the reviewers for the American Anthropologists) 

The List that the AAA did not make

I recently posted the link to this page to LinkedIn AAA forum from the NRA website only to discover that they had pulled the page after some bad publicity. So here is the page as it appeared before being pulled.

National Organizations With Anti-Gun Policies

Posted on September 17, 2012

The following organizations have lent monetary, grassroots or some other type of direct support to anti-gun organizations. In many instances, these organizations lent their name in support of specific campaigns to pass anti-gun legislation such as the March 1995 HCI "Campaign to Protect Sane Gun Laws." Many of these organizations were listed as "Campaign Partners," for having pledged to fight any efforts to repeal the Brady Act and the Clinton "assault weapons" ban.

All have officially endorsed anti-gun positions.

AARP

AFL-CIO

Ambulatory Pediatric Association

American Academy of Pediatrics

American Civil Liberties Union

American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing

American Medical Women`s Association

American Medical Student Association

American Medical Association

American Association for the Surgery of Trauma

American Trauma Society

American Federation of Teachers

American Association of School Administrators

American Alliance for Rights and Responsibilities

American Medical Association

American Bar Association

American Counseling Association

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

American Academy of Pediatrics

American Association for World Health

American Ethical Union

American Nurses Association

American Association of Neurological Surgeons

American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

American Firearms Association

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

American Jewish Committee

American Trauma Society

American Psychological Association

American Jewish Congress

American Public Health Association

Americans for Democratic Action

Anti-Defamation League

Black Mental Health Alliance

B`nai B`rith

Central Conference of American Rabbis

Children`s Defense Fund

Church of the Brethren

Coalition for Peace Action

Coalition to Stop Gun Violence

College Democrats of America

Committee for the Study of Handgun Misuse & World Peace

Common Cause

Congress of National Black Churches, Inc.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons

Consumer Federation of America

Council of the Great City Schools

Council of Chief State School Officers

Dehere Foundation

Disarm Educational Fund

Environmental Action Foundation

Episcopal Church-Washington Office

Florence and John Shumann Foundation

Friends Committee on National Legislation

General Federation of Women`s Clubs

George Gund Fun

Gray Panthers

H.M. Strong Foundation

Hadassah

Harris Foundation

Hechinger Foundation

Interfaith Neighbors

Int`l Ladies` Garment Workers` Union

Int`l Association of Educators for World Peace

Jewish Labor Committee

Joyce Foundation

Lauder Foundation

Lawrence Foundation

League of Women Voters of the United States*

Lutheran Office for Governmental Affairs, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

Manhattan Project II

Mennonite Central Committee-Washington Office

National Safe Kids Campaign

National Association of Police Organizations

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence

National Black Nurses` Association

National Association of Chain Drug Stores

National Network for Youth

National Assembly of National Voluntary Health & Social Welfare Organizations

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

National Association of School Psychologists

National Association of Counties*

National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners

National Association of School Safety and Law Enforcement Officers

National Education Association

National Association of Elementary School Principals*

National Association of Public Hospitals

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence

National Association of Secondary School Principals

National Association of Social Workers

National Association of Children`s Hospitals and Related Institutions

National Association of School Psychologists

National Council of La Raza

National Center to Rehabilitate Violent Youth

National Commission for Economic Conversion & Disarmament

National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA

National Council of Negro Women

National Association of Community Health Centers

National People`s Action

National Education Association*

National League of Cities

National Council on Family Relations

National Council of Jewish Women

National Organization for Women

National Political Congress of Black Women

National Parks and Conservation Association

National Peace Foundation

National Urban League, Inc.

National Parent, Teachers Association*

National Urban Coalition

National SAFE KIDS Campaign

National Organization on Disability

National Spinal Cord Injury Association

NETWORK: A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby

Ortenberg Foundation

Peace Action

People for the American Way

Physicians for Social Responsibility

Police Foundation

Project on Demilitarization and Democracy

Public Citizen

SaferWorld

Society of Critical Care Medicine

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

The Council of the Great City Schools

The Synergetic Society

20/20 Vision

U.S. Catholic Conference, Dept. of Social Development

Union of American Hebrew Congregations

Unitarian Universalist Association

United States Catholic Conference

United Methodist Church, General Board & Church Society

United Church of Christ, Office for Church in Society*

United States Conference of Mayors

War and Peace Foundation

Women Strike for Peace

Women`s National Democratic Club

Women`s Action for New Directions (WAND)

Women`s Int`l League for Peace and Freedom

World Spiritual Assembly, Inc.

YWCA of the U.S.A.

*The national organization only endorses federal legislation.

Anti-Gun Individuals & Celebrities

The following celebrities and national figures have lent their name and notoriety to anti-gun causes, speaking out for anti-gun legislation and providing a voice for anti-gun organizations.

Celebrities:

Krista Allen - Actress

Suzy Amis - Actress

Louis Anderson - Comedian

Richard Dean Anderson - Actor

Maya Angelou - Poet

David Arquette - Actor

Ed Asner - Actor

Alec Baldwin - Actor

Bob Barker - TV Personality

Carol Bayer Sager - Composer

Drew Barrymore - Actress

Kevin Bacon - Actor

Lauren Bacall - Actress*

Sarah Ban Breathnach - Writer

William Baldwin - Actor

Candice Bergen - Actress

Richard Belzer - Actor

Tony Bennett - Singer

Boys II Men - Pop Group

Jon Bon Jovi - Singer

Peter Bogdonovich - Director

Peter Bonerz - Actor

Albert Brooks - Actor

Beau Bridges - Actor

Benjamin Bratt - Actor

Bonnie Bruckheimer - Movie Producer

Christie Brinkley - Model

Dr. Joyce Brothers - Psychologist/Author

James Brolin - Actor

James Brooks - TV Producer

Mel Brooks - Actor/Director

Betty Buckley - Actress

Ellen Burstyn - Actress

Steve Buscemi - Actor

David Canary - Actor

Kate Capshaw - Actress

Kim Cattrall- Actress

Josh Charles - Actor

Robert Chartloff - Producer

Stockard Channing - Actress

Jill Clayburgh - Actress

Terri Clark - Singer

George Clooney - Actor

Jennifer Connelly - Actress

Judy Collins - Singer

Kevin Costner - Actor

Sean Connery - Actor

Sheryl Crow - Singer

Billy Crystal- Actor

Julie Cypher - Director

Arlene Dahl - Actress

Clive Davis - Writer

Linda Dano - Actress

Matt Damon - Actor

Pam Dawber - Actress

Patrika Darbo - Actress

Stuart Damon - Actor

Ellen Degeneres - Actress

Gavin de Becker - Writer

Rebecca DeMornay - Actress

Danny DeVito - Actor

Michael Douglas - Actor

Phil Donahue - Talk Show Host

Richard Donner - Director

Fran Drescher - Actress

Richard Dreyfus - Actor

David Duchovny - Actor

Sandy Duncan - Actress

Christine Ebersole - Actress

Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds - Singer

Missy Elliott - Singer

Nora Ephron - Director

Gloria Estefan - Singer

Melissa Etheridge - Singer

Mia Farrow - Actress

Mike Farrell - Actor

Carrie Fisher - Actress

Sally Field - Actress

Doug Flutie - NFL player

Fannie Flagg - Actress

Jane Fonda - Actress

Jodie Foster - Actress

Rick Fox - NBA Player

Andy Garcia - Actor

Art Garfunkel - Singer

Geraldo - TV personality

Richard Gere - Actor

Kathie Lee Gifford - TV personality

Paul Glaser - TV director

Brad Gooch - Writer

Elliott Gould - Actor

Louis Gossett, Jr. - Actor

Michael Gross - Actor

Nancy Lee Grahn - Actress

Bryant Gumbel - TV Personality

Deidra Hall - Actress

Ethan Hawke - Actor

Mariette Hartley - Actress

Mark Harmon - Actor

Anne Heche - Actress

Howard Hesseman - Actor

Marilu Henner - Actress

Dustin Hoffman - Actor

Hal Holbrook - Actor*

Helen Hunt - Actress

John Ingle - Actor

Francesca James - TV Producer

Norman Jewison - Director

Lainie Kazan - Actress

Richard Karn - Actor

Jeffrey Katzenberg - Producer

Barry Kemp - TV Producer

David E. Kelley - TV Producer

Diane Keaton - Actress

Margaret Kemp - Interior Designer

Chaka Khan - Singer

Kevin Kline - Actor

Michael E. Knight - Actor

Jonathan Kozol - Writer

Lenny Kravits - Singer

Lisa Kudrow - Actress

Wally Kurth - Actor

Christine Lahti - Actress

k.d. lang - Singer

Ricki Lake - TV personality

Denis Leary - Actor

John Leguizamo - Actor

Norman Lear - TV Producer

Spike Lee - Director

Hal Linden - Actor

Tara Lipinski - Former Olympian

Keyshawn Johnson - NFL player

Rob Lowe - Actor

Amanda Marshall - Singer

Barry Manilow - Singer

Camryn Manheim - Actress

Howie Mandel - Actor

Kyle MacLachlan - Actor

Madonna - Singer

Marla Maples - Actress

Marsha Mason - Actress*

Mase - Singer

Penny Marshall - Director

Prema Mathai-Davis - YWCA Official

John McDaniel - Musician

John McEnroe - Athlete

Brian McKnight - Musician

Natalie Merchant - Singer

Bette Midler - Singer

Mary Tyler Moore - Actress

Michael Moore - Film Maker

Mike Myers - Actor

N Sync - Music group

Kathy Najimy - Actress

Jack Nicholson - Actor

Leonard Nimoy - Actor

Mike Nichols - Director

Stephen Nichols - Actor

Rosie O`Donnel l- Actress/Talk Show Host

Jennifer O Neill - Actress

Julia Ormond - Actress

Jane Pauley - TV Personality

Sarah Jessica Parker - Actress

Mandy Patinkin - Actor

Richard North Patterson - Writer

Rhea Perlman- Actress

Michelle Pfieffer - Actress

Aidan Quinn - Actor

Colin Quinn - Actor

Dennis Quaid - Actor

Elizabeth Bracco Quinn - Actress

Bonnie Raitt - Singer

Debbie Reynolds - Actress

Mary Lou Retton - Former Olympian

Paul Reiser - Actor

Peter Reckell - Actor

Rob Reiner - Actor/Director

Robert Redford - Actor/Director

Anne Rice - Writer

Cathy Rigby - Actress

Julia Roberts - Actress

Marc Rosen - TV Producer

Tim Robbins - Actor

Tim Roth - Actor

Renee Russo - Actress

Robin Ruzan - Wife of Mike Myers

Meg Ryan - Actress

Susan Sarandon - Actress

Jerry Seinfeld - Actor

Kyra Sedgwick - Actress

Martin Sheen - Actor

Russell Simmons - Record Producer

Neil Simon - Playwright*

Louise Sorel - Actress

Mira Sorvino - Actress

Rena Sofer - Actress

Britney Spears - Singer

Bruce Springsteen - Singer

Kevin Spirtas - Actor

Barbra Streisand - Singer

David Steinberg - Director

Sylvester Stallone - Actor

Harry Dean Stanton - Actor

Meryl Streep - Actress

Patrick Stewart - Actor

Sharon Stone - Actress

Sting - Singer

Trudie Styler - Actress

Jonathan Taylor Thomas - Actor

The Temptations - Pop Group

Vinny Testaverde - NFL player

Marlo Thomas - Actress*

Uma Thurman - Actress

Steve Tisch - Producer

Mike Torrez - Former Baseball player

Shania Twain - Singer

Dick Van Dyke - Actor

Eli Wallach - Actor*

Harvey Weinstein - Producer

Jann Wenner - Publisher

Sigourney Weaver - Actress

Victor Webster - Actor

Andy Williams - Singer*

Kelli Williams - Actress

Henry Winkler - Actor

Oprah Winfrey - Entertainer

Rita Wilson - Actress

Vanessa Williams - Singer

Herman Wouk - Author

Joanne Woodward - Actress*

Peter Yarrow - Singer

Catherine Zeta-Jones - Actress

Ahmet Zappa -Actor

Diva Zappa -Actress

Dweezil Zappa - Musician

Gail Zappa -

Moon Zappa -Actress

* Denotes membership on

Brady Campaign`s National Committee

National Figures:

Joel J. Alpert M.D. - Pediatrician

Robert Bernstein Ph.D - Pediatrician

Robert E. Brennan - Financier

Bishop Edmond Browning - Espiscopal Leader

James E. Carter - Former President

Marion Wright Edelman - Director, Childrens Defense Fund

Michael Eisner, Former Chairman and CEO The Walt Disney Company

Amitai Etzioni - Teacher

Tom Freston - MTV President

Dr. Lorraine E. Hale - Social Worker

Della M. Hughes - Activist

Ed Koch - Former Politician

C. Everett Koop - Former Surgeon General

Rev. Wallace Ryan Kuroiwa - Clergyman

Gerald M. Levin - Chairman, Time Warner

Davis S. Liederman - Ex. Dir. Child Welfare League

Paul Rabbi Menitaff - Clergyman

Abner Mikva - Former Judge

Richard Parsons - Pres. Time Warner

Steven Rockefeller - Financier

Ellen Y. Rosenberg - Activist

Rabbi David Saperstein - Clergyman

Herb Scannell - Pres. Nickelodeon

Vincent Schiraldi - Dir. Justice Policy Institute

Lyle Elmer Strom - Federal Judge

Joe Volk - Clergyman

Rabbi Eric H. Yoffie - Clergyman

The following journalists actively

editorialize in favor of gun control laws:

Steve Benson - Cartoonist

Tony Auth - Cartoonist

Jim Borgman - Cartoonist

Jimmy Breslin - Columnist

Stuart Carlson - Cartoonist

Marie Cocco - Columnist

E.J. Dionne Jr. - Columnist

Bonnie Erbe - Columnist

Tom Fiedler - Columnist

Michael Gartner - Columnist

Mark Genrich - Columnist

James Glassman - Editor

Bob Herbert - Columnist

Bill Johnson - Columnist

Donald Kaul - Columnist

Mike Lane - Cartoonist

Leonard Larson - Columnist

Mike Luckovich - Cartoonist

Jimmy Margulies - Cartoonist

Deborah Mathis - Columnist

Colman McCarthy - Columnist

Jim Morin - Cartoonist

Tom Oliphant- Columnist

Mike Peters - Cartoonist

Robert Reno - Columnist

Frank Rich - Columnist

Cindy Richards - Columnist

Kevin Siers- Cartoonist

Ed Stein - Cartoonist

Tom Teepen - Editor

Tim Toles - Cartoonist

Garry Trudeau - Cartoonist

Cynthia Tucker - Columnist

Steve Twomey - Columnist

Steve Villano - Columnist

Adrienne Washington - Columnist

Don Wright - Cartoonist

Anti-Gun Corporations/Corporate Heads

The following listing includes the most prominent national corporations that have lent their corporate support to gun control initiatives or taken position supporting gun control.

A & M Records

Al Cafaro, Chrm. & CEO

595 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10022

(212) 826-0477

www.amrecords.com

Record Production, Entertainment

American Century Companies

James E. Stowers, CEO

4500 Main St., 4th Floor

Kansas City, MO 64111

(816) 531-5575

www.americancentury.com

Mutual Fund & Stock Investment Company on NYSE

American Multi Cinemas Entertainment, Inc.

Stanley H. Durwood, Co-Chairman, CEO Peter C. Brown, President, CFO

106 West 14th Street, #1700

Kansas City, MO 64141

(816) 221-4000

www.amctheaters.com

Movie Theater Company

Argosy Casino

H. Steven Norton, President, CEO

777 N.W. Argosy Parkway

Riverside, MO 64150

(816) 746-7711

www.argosycasinos.com/

Gambling Casino Company

Ben & Jerry`s Homemade, Inc.

Bennett R. Cohen Chrm. & CEO

Rte. 100, Box 240

Waterbury, VT 05676

(802) 244-5641

www.benjerry.com

Ice cream and frozen yogurt

BJC Health Systems

Fred L. Brown, President & CEO

4444 Forest Park Ave.

St. Louis, MO 63108

(314) 747-9322

www.bjc.org/

Healthcare Company

Blue Cross Blue Shield - Kansas City

John P. Mascotte, President

P.O. Box 419169

Kansas City, MO 64141

(816) 395-2222

Healthcare Company

Brooks Investments-Robert Brooks

Robert Brooks

45 Chesterfield Lakes Road

Chesterfield, MO 63005

Investment Company

Carter Hawley Hale Stores, Inc.

Philip M. Hawley, Chrm. & CEO

444 South Flower Street

Los Angeles, CA 90071

(213) 620-0150

Retail clothing and accessories stores

Crown Central Petroleum Corp.

Henry A. Rosenberg, Jr.

One North Central Street Box 1168

Baltimore, MD 21203

(301) 539-7400

Refiners and marketers of petroleum products, convenience stores

Development Specialists - Chicago

70 W. Madison Street, #2300

Chicago, IL 60602

(312) 263-4141

Earthgrains - St. Louis

8400 Maryland Ave.

St. Louis, MO 63105

(314) 259-7000

www.ironkids.com/Pages/Earthgrains.html

National Bread Company

General American - St. Louis

Richard A. Liddy, CEO

P.O. Box 396

St. Louis, MO 63166

(314) 843-8700

www.genam.com

Life Insurance

Hallmark Cards

Irvine O. Hockaday, President & CEO

P.O. Box 418307

Kansas City, MO 64141

(816) 274-5111

www.hallmark.com

Greeting Card Company

Health Midwest

2316 East Meyer Boulevard

Kansas City, MO 64132

(816) 751-3000

www.healthmidwest.org

National Healthcare Company

ICN Biomedicals

Adam Jerney, Chrm. & CEO

3300 Hyland Avenue

Costa Mesa, CA 92626

(714) 545-0113

www.icnbiomed.com

Pharmaceutical products

James B. Nutter Co. - Kansas City

James B. Nutter

4153 Broadway

Kansas City, MO 64111

(816) 531-2345

Investment Banker

Kansas City Chiefs

One Arrowhead Drive

Kansas City, MO 64129

(816) 924-9300

www.kcchiefs.com

Pro Football Team

Kansas City Royals

David Glass, CEO

P.O. Box 419969

Kansas City, MO 64141

(816) 921-8000

www.kcroyals.com

Pro Baseball Team

Kenneth Cole

152 W. 57th Street

New York, NY 10019

(800) 536-2653

www.kennethcole.com

Clothing retailer

Lamar Advertising Company

Lamar Outdoor Advertising

5551 Corporate Boulevard, Suite 2-A

Baton Rouge, LA 70808

P. O. Box 66338

Baton Rouge, LA 70896

(225) 926-1000

Fax (225) 926-1005

www.lamar.com

Levi Strauss & Co.

Robert D. Haas, Chairman

Philip Marineau, CEO

Peter A. Jacobi, President and COO

1155 Battery St.

San Francisco, CA 94111

(415) 501-6000

FAX (415) 501-3939

www.levistrauss.com

Clothing

Mallinckrodt, Inc. - St. Louis

C. Ray Holman, President & CEO

675 McDonnell Blvd, Box 5840

St. Louis, MO 63134

(314) 654-2000

www.mallinckrodt.com

Clothing Starch Company

Michael Douglas Foundation

3550 Wilshire

Los Angele, CA 90010

MNC Financial, Inc.

Ten Light Street Box 987

Baltimore, MD 21203

(301) 244-5000

Banking, financial services

Sara Lee Corporation

Sara Lee Foundation

Three First National Plaza

Chicago, IL 60602-4260

Phone: 312-726-2600

www.saralee.com

Fax: 312-726-3712

Silver Dollar City

Peter Herschend

One Corporate Drive

Branson, MO 65616

800 475-9370

www.silverdollarcity.com

Amusement Parks

Site Oil Company - St. Louis

Alvin J. Siteman, President

50 S. Bemiston

St. Louis, MO 63105

(314) 725-4321

Oil Company

Southland Corporation

Masatoshi Ito, Chrm.

2711 North Haskell Avenue

Dallas, TX 75221

www.7-eleven.com

Convenience stores

Southwestern Bell Telephone- St. Louis

One Bell Center

St. Louis, MO 63101

(314) 235-9800

www.swbell.com

Telecommunications Firm

Sport & Health, Inc.

Don Konz, CEO

1800 Old Meadow Rd.

McLean, Virginia 22102

(703) 556-6556

www.sportandhealth.com

Health clubs and fitness centers

Sprint Corp PAC

William T. Esrey, Chrm., Pres. & CEO 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway

Westwood, KS 66205

913 624-3000

www.sprint.com

Telecommunicaitons Firm

SSM Health System - St. Louis

477 N. Lindbergh

St. Louis, MO 63141

(314) 994-7800

Healthcare Company

St. Louis Rams

One Rams Way

Earth City, MO 63045

(314) 982-7267

www.stlouisrams.com

Pro Football Team

St. Louis University

Rev. Lawrence Biondi, President

221 N. Grand Blvd.

St. Louis, MO 63103

(314) 977-2222

www.slu.edu

Private Catholic University

Stoneyfield Farms Yogurt

Mr. Gary Hirshberg, CEO

10 Burton Drive

Londonderry, NH 03053

(603) 437-7594

Yogurt

Sverdrup Corp.

Richard E. Beumer,

Chairman & CEO

13723 Riverport Drive

Maryland Heights, MO 63043

(314) 436-7600

www.sverdrup.com

Engineering Firm

Time Warner Inc.

Gerald M. Levin, Chrm. & CEO

75 Rockefeller Plaza

New York, NY 10019

(212) 364-8300

www.pathfinder.com/corp/

Publishing, film and music recordings

TMP Worldwide/Monster.Com

Andrew McKelvey, CEO

1633 Broadway, 33rd Fl.

New York, NY 10019

Phone: 212-977-4200

Fax: 212-956-2142

www.tmpw.com

www.monster.com

online employment service

Unity Health - St. Louis

1650 Des Peres Road #301

St. Louis, MO 63131

(314) 909-3300

www.smhs.com/unityheath.html

Healthcare Company

Working Assets

Peter Barnes, Founder

701 Montgomery Street

San Francisco, California 94111

(415) 788-0777

www.workingassets.com

Publication and Media Outlets

The following publications and media outlets have assisted in the attack on Second Amendment rights. The editorial policies of some of the media sources listed portray firearms in a negative manner in an attempt to generate public support for restrictions on firearms ownership. Others have refused some or all of NRA`s advertisements.

Capital Cities/ABC

Television Network

77 W. 66th Street

New York, NY 10023-6298

(212) 456-7777

Bell Atlantic-D.C.

2055 L Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20036

(202) 392-9900

Blue Chip Stamps

15801 S. Eastern Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90040

(213) 720-4600

The Christian Publishing Society

The Christian Science Monitor

One Norway Street

Boston, MA 02115

(508) 586-6200

Columbia Broadcasting Service

CBS Television Network

51 W. 52nd Street

New York, NY 10019

(212) 975-4321

Corporation For Public Broadcasting/ PBS Television

1320 Braddock Place

Alexandria, VA 22314-1698

(703) 739-5000

(703) 739-0775 - Fax

Cox Newspapers

Atlanta Journal-Constitution

Credibank Towers, Suite 400

2800 Biscayne Blvd.

Miami, FL 33137

(305) 576-7678

Gannett News Service

USA Today

1000 Wilson Blvd.

Arlington, VA 22229

(703) 276-5806

Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.

Ebony Magazine

820 S. Michigan avenue

Chicago, IL 60605-2190

(312) 322-9250

Knight-Ridder Newspapers

Detroit Free-Press

321 W. LaFayette Blvd.

Detroit, MI 48231

(313) 222-6400

Miami Herald

One Herald Plaza

Miami, FL 33132-1683

(305) 350-2111

Los Angeles Times

Times Mirror Square

Los Angeles, California 90053

(213) 237-4511

(213) 237-7679 - Fax

McCall`s Magazine

110 Fifth Avenue

New York, NY 10017-5603

(212) 463-1000

Motorcycle Cruiser Magazine

Emap PLC

6420 Wilshire Blvd., Floor 17

Los Angeles, California 90048

(323) 782-2000

National Broadcasting Company

NBC Television Network

30 Rockefeller Plaza

New York, NY 10112

(212) 664-4444

Newsweek, Inc.

Newsweek Magazine

444 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10022-6999

(212) 350-4000

Rolling Stone Magazine

Jann Wenner, Chrm. & CEO

745 5th, Avenue

New York, NY 10151

(212) 758-3800

The New York Times Corporation

The New York Times

229 W. 43rd Street

New York, NY 10036

(212) 556-1234

Time Magazine

Time & Life Building

Rockefeller Center

New York, NY 10020

(212) 522-1212

Times-Mirror Corporation

The Los Angeles Times

Times Mirror Square

Los Angeles, CA 90053

(213) 237-3000

The Baltimore Sun

501 N. Calvert Street

Baltimore, MD 21278

(301) 332-6300

The Tribune Company

Chicago Tribune

435 N. Michigan Avenue

Chicago, IL 60611

(312) 227-3000

Washington Post

1150 15th Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20071

(202) 334-6000

Compiled by:

NRA Institute for Legislative Action

11250 Waples Mill Road

Fairfax, Virginia 22030

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